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The history of peyote research begins with botanical studies from the 1840s and the listing of peyote in the Mexican pharmacopoeia [14]. Subsequently, in 1887, John Raleigh Briggs published the first study on the effects of mescal buttons [14]. Since then, research into the constituents (e.g., the main alkaloids: mescaline, pellotine, anhalonidine and hordenine), the biological effects and the biosynthesis of the active alkaloids progressed rapidly. The German pharmacologist Louis Lewin (1850–1929) and the chemist and physician Arthur Heffter (1860–1925), as well as the Merck Laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany, provided the decisive insights into alkaloid isolation from peyote in 1897 [14]. Heffter was finally able to show that mescaline, with a half-life of 6 h, was exclusively responsible for the intoxication symptoms associated with peyote consumption [14]. In the 1990s, the mechanism of action of mescaline finally became known. As with other psychedelic agents, the effect of mescaline is based on the binding and activation of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor [15,16,17,18].